Reading assignment: take-off/landing characteristics, ground effect, and radio communications.
Introduce basic take-off and landing technique including: go-arounds, traffic pattern, and radio communication.
The difference between a sports car and an airplane is that when you go really fast in a sports car and pull back on the steering wheel, it doesn’t do anything really cool.
This is one of the biggest indicators of the skill of a pilot. It’s the most noticeable to passengers, for good or bad.
Safely perform take-off and landings. Thoroughly explain all control inputs for takeoff and landing. Perform take-off and landings never seriously in doubt about the control operation.
Read AFH ch.5 especially normal take-off and ground effect, PHAK 10-27 through 10-30, 4-9 through 4-11 ground effect, AIM 4-3-1 through 4-3-3, and 4-3-5. POH: normal operating procedures
§61.187(b)(2)(i, ii, viii)
Log Ground Training:
- 61.105(b)(7) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft, including collision avoidance, and recognition and avoidance of wake turbulence;
Take-offs, Landings, Go-Arounds
Preflight Briefing: Review the study assignment and verify an adequate understanding in the areas to be covered. If there is a lack of basic understanding, reschedule the flight and review the knowledge deficiencies. Review the lesson Completion Standards and Special Emphasis Areas.
Flight: Technical subject areas:
Ground effect, take-off, landing, radio communications.
Airplane flight controls
Preflight preparation
Preflight procedures
NORMAL TAKE-OFFS
- Perform take-off checklist
- Request takeoff clearance
- Scan final approach area and runway before entering.
- Align with centerline
- Cross-check your compass heading with runway numbers and clearance
- Smoothly yet expeditiously add power to 100%
- Scan engine instruments to ensure proper function
- Use rudders to stay aligned with centerline, other controls neutral
- Callouts:
- DG aligned to the runway
- No crossing traffic
- Rotate
- Positive rate, no usable runway, Gear Up
- Use ailerons to remain over the runway, remaining coordinated
- When beyond the end of the runway, turn crosswind to a traffic pattern heading to compensate for the wind and ground track
- At traffic pattern altitude (1000AGL) Approaching ten percent of your vsi bring power smoothly back to 50% to retain altitude at 96KIAS
NORMAL LANDINGS
- Perform pre-landing checklist
- Hold onto the gear handle until all three indicator lights are lit
- Confirm the landing gear is down, “Three in the green”; confirm with other pilot
- Contact tower midfield downwind; state your intentions
- Abeam threshold, power approximately 45%
- Flaps: Approach
- Establish a controlled descent, approximately 500fpm
- Slow to 86KIAS on base
- Gear check with every turn
- Flaps: Landing when appropriate
- Clear final approach path before turning final
- Slow to 76KIAS
- Trim aircraft to maintain 76KIAS and use power to retain proper glide path (use papi)
- User ailerons (bank) to maintain path over the runway
- Use Rudders to stay aligned with the runway
- Flare: Don’t stall aircraft before landing—let it fly gently to the ground.
GO-AROUNDS
- Smoothly and expeditiously add max power (use rudders to stay coordinated)
- Pitch to 77KIAS
- Gear Up
- Flaps: Approach
- Callout: Flaps, Gear, Flaps
- Tell tower/traffic
After landing, parking & securing
Special Emphasis Areas:
Situational awareness
Positive aircraft control
Positive exchange of flight controls
Visual scanning/collision avoidance
Radio communication
Post-Flight Debriefing:
Identify tasks that were completed to standards or above.
Identify and discuss tasks that were not completed to standards.
Record and grade completed tasks in the training record.
Record training in the student’s logbook (reference Areas of Operation above)
Give an assignment for the next flight session.
Next Assignment: Prepare for completing this lesson by reviewing tasks that were not performed to standards. If all tasks were performed to standards, assign the next lesson’s required material.
Areas of Operation: §61. ()()
Preparatory Assignment: Read POH: 4A-36 GoA, 4A-30-31, 5-10, 5-11.
Attention: What if you return to Provo after a long cross country, and the winds have changed to be 240 at 20 knots?
Motivation: Sometimes it’s necessary to perform a crosswind landing, short field take-off/landing, or a go-around.
Objective: Introduce crosswind, and short-field take-offs and landings. Allow the student to explain and perform these procedures.
Completion Standards: Demonstrate competency in explaining, and demonstrate satisfactorily normal, crosswind, and short-field take-offs and landings.
Review: Preflight requirements, starting, taxiing.
Preflight Briefing:
Review ways for improvement.
Flight: Technical subject area:
Preflight:
Airworthiness requirements
Preflight inspection
- Engine starting
- Taxiing
Takeoffs and landings
- Normal/Crosswind takeoffs and landings
- Short-field takeoffs and landings
- In strong crosswinds steering can be augmented by use of the toe brakes. It should be noted, however, that this method increases the take-off roll, and should not generally be used.
- Soft-field takeoffs and landings
- Go-around / rejected landing
- Steep turns
Special Emphasis Areas:
Positive aircraft control
Positive exchange of flight controls
Visual scanning/collision avoidance
Wake turbulence avoidance
LAHSA
Runway incursion avoidance
Aeronautical decision making (ADM)
Checklist usage
Post-Flight Debriefing:
Identify tasks that were completed to standards or above.
Identify and discuss tasks that were not completed to standards.
Record and grade completed tasks in the training record.
Record training in the student’s logbook (reference Areas of Operation above)
Give an assignment for the next flight session.
Next Assignment: Prepare for completing this lesson by reviewing tasks that were not performed to standards. If all tasks were performed to standards, assign the next lesson’s required material.
Flight: Technical subject areas:
Emergency Approach and landing
System and equipment malfunctions
Engine failure during take-off before Vmc
Engine failure after lift-off
Approach and landing with an inoperative engine
Emergency descent
Emergency equipment and survival gear
Post-Flight Debriefing:
Identify tasks that were completed to standards or above.
Identify and discuss tasks that were not completed to standards.
Record and grade completed tasks in the training record.
Record training in the student’s logbook (reference Areas of Operation above)
Give an assignment for the next flight session.
Next Assignment: Prepare for completing this lesson by reviewing tasks that were not performed to standards. If all tasks were performed to standards, assign the next lesson’s required material.