Comprehend the extent all major factors contribute to performance.
Be able to correctly use the performance charts to determine aircraft performance.
Formulate a sound/wise decision of runway, go/no-go, and time of day for take-off etc. based upon performance calculations.
Understand aircraft limitations and the reasons they exist.

Show video of overweight aircraft trying to take-off on a hot afternoon that didn’t quite make it.
What went wrong? What were the contributing factors?
What could the pilot have changed?

The pilot can control all the factors that will affect the safety of the flight. If the conditions will be unsafe, the pilot can decide not to take-off. The pilot can create personal limitations relating to ability to remain far within his/her envelope.

Have the student print off METAR for current day for temperatures and winds (to calculate performance). Have a hypothetical scenarios with terrain, winds for runways, time of day at max weight, etc.

What is an aircraft limitation and why do they exist? What is aircraft performance and what affects it? How to use performance charts. Scenario; what could I have changed to create a better outcome?

Log Ground Training:

• 61.105(b)(8) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb performance;

Development:

Definitions

Climb-rate: The ratio of altitude gained over time: usually expressed in feet per minute (FPM)

What is a limitation?

• Maneuvers
• Weights
• Airspeeds

1. Maneuvering speed

• G-loads POH 2-7 Katana
• Powerplant

1. Oil Pressure
2. Oil Temperature
3. RPM
4. Etc. POH katana 2-3

• Fuel
• Placards POH 2-15
• Crosswind component POH 2-18

Why do aircraft limitations exist? Describe for those listed above.

What is aircraft performance? The performance capabilities of the airplane with the given conditions.

What factors affect aircraft performance?

• Outside Air Conditions
• Runway length required for take-off or landing:

1. Atmospheric pressure—Pressure Altitude
2. Outside Air Temperature
3. Density Altitude (for reference)
4. Moisture/humidity

Runway Conditions

1. Gravel or paved
2. Wet or dry (dirt or mud)
3. Tall or short grass
4. Ice or snow on runway

Which is better for performance?

1. Hot or Cold
2. Heavy or light
3. Headwind or Tailwind
4. Long or short runway
5. Obstacle or no obstacle

Performance Charts

• Purpose
• Differences
• Conditions

1. Perfect airplane
2. Perfect pilot
3. READ THE WHOLE CHART—what does this chart actually give me; IF, THEN

Runway Distance Information

1. Take-off Ground Roll
2. Take-off Distance
3. Landing Ground Roll
4. Landing Distance
5. Same with 50 foot obstacle

• Rate of Climb

Scenario 1—calculate and finger-fly with a not-so-good outcome

• Right after you get your license, you grab the buddies and the gear and head out to this grand adventure (something that he/she might actually do)

1. Short runway
2. Hot Day
3. Max weight
4. Tailwind or crosswind
5. 50 foot obstacle

What could the pilot have changed?

1. Cooler time of day
2. Leave some luggage or take less fuel—shorter flight legs
3. Wait for favoring winds
4. Select an alternate runway
5. Drive instead etc. etc.

Conclusion and Evaluation:

It is critical that you know how to use your performance charts and to use them every time you fly. Know what factors affect your performance. The pilot can change conditions to result in a positive outcome for the flight.